ר יוסף צבי Dunner, רב of the התאחדות קהילות החרדים in England, used to eat 15 types of fruit on טו בשבט.
After each fruit he would say one of the 15 שיר המעלות, because דוד המלך wrote them (:סוכה נג and see רשי there) to raise the waters of the underground תהום by 15,000 אמות.
דוד המלך's intention was that as those waters would ascend to be closer to the ground, the world would moisten and the earth would give forth its fruit.
The 15 שיר המעלות had the unique ability to raise the underground waters of the תהום to hydrate the earth, through which fruits grow. This is why there was a מנהג to say these 15 מזמורים on טו בשבט, which is the ראש השנה for trees.
Adapted from מנהגי מהריץ הלוי (מועדים, חודש שבט, אות ו הע' י), written by his grandson זאב Dunner (מכון להוצאת ספרי מסורת אשכנז, בני ברק תשעו)
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